Wednesday, 29 January 2014
Membuat Switching Power Supply dari bekas Trafo TV
Menentukan B-C-E Transistor Menggunakan Rangkaian.

Testing procedure:
- Connect randomly the pins of the transistor under test to J1, J2 and J3 sockets or clips.
- Close SW1, SW2 and SW3.
- Push on P1; if the transistor is in good health the response of the Identifier will be:
- Two terminals will show both LEDs illuminated, the remaining one will show a single LED illuminated.
- If the LED illuminated is Red, the pin connected to the related connector will be the Base of a NPN transistor.
- If the LED illuminated is Green, the pin connected to the related connector will be the Base of a PNP transistor.
- Open the switch related to the single illuminated LED: the two terminals showing both LEDs illuminated will change their state and a single LED per terminal will be illuminated. The LED which previously indicated the Base pin will turn-off.
- If the transistor was previously identified as NPN, the pin connected to the now illuminated Green LED will be the Emitter, whereas the pin connected to the Red LED will be the Collector.
- If the transistor was previously identified as PNP, the pin connected to the now illuminated Red LED will be the Emitter, whereas the pin connected to the Green LED will be the Collector.
his procedure will suffice for reliable pin identification of most transistor types. In some cases, mainly when low-gain high power transistors are tested, the LED could illuminate faintly and reliable pin identification could be not so easy. Pushing both P1 and P2 will remedy this shortcoming.
Important
Unfortunately, testing Darlington type transistors could lead to some trouble. In fact, the Base pin and the polarity of these transistor types will be correctly shown by the Pin Identifier in the same way as common transistors, but Collector and Emitter pins will be displayed inverted; i.e. if the transistor was previously identified as NPN, the pin connected to the now illuminated Green LED will be the Collector (NOT the Emitter), whereas the pin connected to the Red LED will be the Emitter (NOT the Collector). On the other hand, if the transistor was previously identified as PNP, the pin connected to the now illuminated Red LED will be the Collector (NOT the Emitter), whereas the pin connected to the Green LED will be the Emitter (NOT the Collector).
This is due to the fact that Darlington power transistors usually incorporate on the same chip a reverse-connected diode across Emitter and Collector. Doubts can be easily dissipated pushing on P2: Darlington transistors will cause all two LED pairs related to Emitter and Collector pins to illuminate brightly. On the contrary, common transistors will cause only a faint illumination of the remaining LEDs and, usually, a single LED indicating the Collector pin will illuminate.
Rangkaian Volt Meter Digital sederhana
Digital voltmeters are instruments
that measure voltage or voltage drop in a circuit. They use solid-state
components and display values digitally. Typically, digital voltmeters
(digital volt meters) are used to locate excessive resistance that may
indicate an open circuit or ground. They are also used to identify low
voltage or voltage drops that may indicate a poor connection. Digital voltmeters are connected in parallel (and never in series) with the circuit being tested so that the meter
can tap a small amount of current. The positive lead is connected to
the circuits positive side and the negative lead is connected to the
circuits ground. The digital voltmeters internal resistance is the
impedance, which is usually expressed in ohms per volt. This amount is
relatively high in order to prevent the device from drawing significant
current and disturbing the operation of the circuit being tested. The
sensitivity of the current meter and the value of the series resistance determine the range of voltages that digital voltmeters can measure.
Digital voltmeters can measure a range of alternating current (AC) voltages, direct current (DC) voltages, or both AC and DC voltages. Devices typically display between three and seven digits. Some digital voltmeters can capture minimum and maximum voltages called spike readings.
In the picture below is a series of simple digital voltmeter using the Seven-segment display, this series based ICL7107.The ICL7107 is a 3 1 / 2 digit LED A / D convertor. It contains an internal voltage reference, high isolation Switches analog, sequential control logic, and the display drivers. The auto-zero adjust ensures zero reading for 0 volts input.
Gambar skema Rangkaian Voltmeter digital
Digital voltmeters can measure a range of alternating current (AC) voltages, direct current (DC) voltages, or both AC and DC voltages. Devices typically display between three and seven digits. Some digital voltmeters can capture minimum and maximum voltages called spike readings.
In the picture below is a series of simple digital voltmeter using the Seven-segment display, this series based ICL7107.The ICL7107 is a 3 1 / 2 digit LED A / D convertor. It contains an internal voltage reference, high isolation Switches analog, sequential control logic, and the display drivers. The auto-zero adjust ensures zero reading for 0 volts input.
Gambar skema Rangkaian Voltmeter digitalMengukur Kerusakan Fet Dengan Multimeter
FET is divided into two families: Junction FET (JFET) and Insulated Gate FET (IGFET) or also known as Metal Oxide Silicon (or semiconductor) FET (MOSFET). In contrast to the IGFET, the JFET gate terminal forming a diode with the channel (semiconductor material between the Source and Drain). In its function, this makes N-channel JFET to be a solid-state version of the vacuum tubes, which also forms a diode between the grid and cathode. And also, both (JFET and vacuum tubes)
work in "depletion mode", both have a high input impedance, and they
conduct electrical current under the control of the input voltage.

Determination of FET performed by investigators x100 range of black and red on the Source Gate. When the needle to deviate, then the FET is kanalP Janis and if not, the FET is the channel N.
Damage to the FET can be observed with a series of pictures. Range is placed on x1k or x10k, potensio at a minimum, the resistance should be small. When potensio rotated to the right, the resistance should be infinite. If this does not happen, then the possibility of FET damaged.

Mengukur Kerusakan Fet Dengan Multimeter
Determination of FET performed by investigators x100 range of black and red on the Source Gate. When the needle to deviate, then the FET is kanalP Janis and if not, the FET is the channel N.
Damage to the FET can be observed with a series of pictures. Range is placed on x1k or x10k, potensio at a minimum, the resistance should be small. When potensio rotated to the right, the resistance should be infinite. If this does not happen, then the possibility of FET damaged.
Check Phase schema
Bulan yang lalu saya sudah bahas tentang Cek Phase dan kali ini saya unggah skema Cek Phase yang
pernah saya janjikan,,dengan skema sederhana ini smoga bisa bermamfaat dan setidaknya untuk
wawasan
GAMBAR YANG SUDAH JADI DENGAN PCB LUBANG
Typetype ic cek phase
IC.1-CD 4049
IC.2-CD 4093
IC.3-HEF 4027
catatan:pada zener dioda 5v.sedangakan type pembangkit pulse-nya CD 4093
Usahakan pada type HEF 4027 merk philip agar sempurna.
IC.1-CD 4049
IC.2-CD 4093
IC.3-HEF 4027
catatan:pada zener dioda 5v.sedangakan type pembangkit pulse-nya CD 4093
Usahakan pada type HEF 4027 merk philip agar sempurna.
Rangkaian Bass-Midle-Treble (3 line) Crossover AktiF
Bass-Midle-Treble (3 line) Crossover Aktif
This is a simple treble-midle-bass (3-way) crossover Circuit, intended for triamping Hi-Fi systems. This is a conventional 12dB / Octave unit, and cannot be expected to have the same performance as a Linkwitz-Riley aligned filter network. It will still be a vast improvement over nearly any passive crossover, and is ideal for beginners or those who want to experiment further with multi-amping, but without the complexity of a major project. The retuning (to (sub)-Bessel / Linkwitz-Riley alignment) is recommended, as the performance will be more in line with modern standards - see information below.
This is a simple treble-midle-bass (3-way) crossover Circuit, intended for triamping Hi-Fi systems. This is a conventional 12dB / Octave unit, and cannot be expected to have the same performance as a Linkwitz-Riley aligned filter network. It will still be a vast improvement over nearly any passive crossover, and is ideal for beginners or those who want to experiment further with multi-amping, but without the complexity of a major project. The retuning (to (sub)-Bessel / Linkwitz-Riley alignment) is recommended, as the performance will be more in line with modern standards - see information below.
Low-mid range: Low pass filter, fh = 300 Hz.
fh = 1 / (2 * π * R1 * C1), assuming R1 = R2 & C1 = C2 = 10nF. This yields R1 = R2 = 53K (used 56K).
Mid range: Low pass filter, fh = 3000 Hz, followed by a high pass filter fl = 300 Hz.
Assuming R1 = R2, R3 = R4, C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 10nF.
For the low pass, fh = 1 / (2 * PI * R1 * C1), yields R1 = R2 = 5.3K (used 5.6K).
For the high pass, fl = 1 / (2 * PI * R3 * C3), yields R3 = R4 = 53K (used 56K).
Mid-high range: High pass filter, fl = 3000 Hz.
fl = 1 / (2 * PI * R3 * C3), assuming R3 = R4 & C3 = C4 = 10nF. This yields, R3 = R4 = 5.3K (used 5.6K).
In the above schematic are shown the low-mid range, mid range mid-high range filters. The x'over frequencies chosen are 300Hz and 3000Hz. Thus the low-mid range filter has a cut-off frequency of 300 Hz, the mid range has a lower cut-off at300 Hz and an upper cut-off at 3000Hz, and the mid-high range has a cut-off frequency of 3000 Hz. Please see references (2) for the x'over frequencies.
Rangkaian Cross Over Mini
Kali ini kita akan mencoba untuk membuat
suatu bentuk cross over dengan ukuran yang mini. Tetapi tidak mengurangi
kualitas hasil yang didapat dari Rangkaian Cross Over Mini
ini. Sedangkan bentuk cross over ini disajikan khusus bagi pemula agar
mudah untuk merakit sendiri tanpa banyak mengalami kesulitan. Komponen
yang digunakan pun mudah untuk didapat.
- Gambar Skema Rangkaian Cross Over Mini
Komponen-komponen yang diperlukan :
Resistor :
R1 = 390 K
R2 = 2 K 2
R3 = 220 K
R4, R5 = 150 K
R6, R8, R11 = 3 K 9
R7, R9, R10 = 100 K
Kondensator :
C1 = 5uF (elektrolit)
C2, C3 = 353, 33 pF
Semikonduktor :
T1 – T3 = BC 109
Lain-lain :
Sumber daya yang diperlukan 3 Volt
Resistor :
R1 = 390 K
R2 = 2 K 2
R3 = 220 K
R4, R5 = 150 K
R6, R8, R11 = 3 K 9
R7, R9, R10 = 100 K
Kondensator :
C1 = 5uF (elektrolit)
C2, C3 = 353, 33 pF
Semikonduktor :
T1 – T3 = BC 109
Lain-lain :
Sumber daya yang diperlukan 3 Volt
Rangkaian Cross Over Mini
yang disajikan kali ini menggunakan sebelas buah transistor, 3 buah
transistor dengan tipe yang sama, 3 buah kapasitor dan sumber daya
sebesar 3 Volt. Jadi tidak begitu sulit jika kita merakitnya sendiri.
Biarpun bentuknya cuma sederhana, tetapi dapat menghasilkan suatu bentuk nada yang seimbang. Maka artinya adalah pembagian nada antara bass dan treble sangat seimbang. Sedangkan nada bass dihasilkan oleh woofer, dan untuk nada treble-nya dihasilkan oleh tweeter.
Biarpun bentuknya cuma sederhana, tetapi dapat menghasilkan suatu bentuk nada yang seimbang. Maka artinya adalah pembagian nada antara bass dan treble sangat seimbang. Sedangkan nada bass dihasilkan oleh woofer, dan untuk nada treble-nya dihasilkan oleh tweeter.
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